Dysbiosis contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) by altering colonic expression of genes that regulate inflammation and the immune response, researchers report in the July issue of Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology. An altered intestinal microbiota composition has been associated with IBD. However, it is not
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People have high plasma levels of interleukin-6 (IL6) and c-reactive protein years before they are diagnosed with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), researchers report in the June issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. These markers of systemic inflammation could be features of early-stage disease used to identify patients at risk. Crohn’s
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Undifferentiated or crypt-like, and differentiated or villus-like, human intestinal enteroids represent distinct points along the crypt–villus axis and can be used to characterize electrolyte transport processes along the small intestine, researchers report in the March issue of Gastroenterology. Studies of their duodenal enteroid model showed that electrogenic Na+/HCO3– cotransporter 1 in the
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The intestine adapts differently to Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) than to vertical sleeve gastrectomy (VSG), researchers show in the February issue of Gastroenterology. RYGB increases intestinal glucose disposal whereas VSG delays glucose absorption, but each reduces glycemia. Bariatric surgeries such as RYGB and VSG are the most effective ways to resolve
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Although many of the same genetic variants determine susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in Caucasians and African Americans, researchers report the identification of variants and loci not previously associated with IBD in African American populations. Analyses of these could provide insight into the pathogenesis of IBD, researchers state in
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Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents rapidly reduce pain perception in brains of patients with Crohn’s disease, researchers show in the October issue of Gastroenterology. This observation could explain how clinical disease activity is often reduced long before signs of mucosal healing. Patients with Crohn’s disease treated with anti-TNF agents often report reductions in abdominal pain
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) do not have a large effect on microbial diversity of the colon, but do affect specific taxa, including Streptococcaceae and Enterococcaceae, which mediate resistance to Clostridium difficile infection (CDI), researchers report in the October issue of Gastroenterology. This finding might provide a mechanism by which these drugs increase risk for CDI.
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A special issue of Gastroenterology features 14 articles discussing the genetic factors that contribute to a range of gastrointestinal (GI), hepatobiliary, and pancreatic diseases, and how this information can be used in diagnosis and treatment of patients. An introduction to the special issue explains the value of associating diseases with specific genetic variants, which can help
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Gastrointestinal leaks and fistulae can be serious acute complications or chronic conditions caused by inflammation, malignancy, or surgery. In a Perspective article in the October issue of Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Field F. Willingham and Jonathan M. Buscaglia discuss advanced endoscopic methods for less invasive treatment of these luminal defects. They explain that the main goal of
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Wondering what to do if other researchers have the same name as you, or if you have published articles under different name formats? How can people tell which publications are yours? There is a solution: ORCID. ORCID (Open Researcher and Contributor ID) provides researchers with a unique digital identifier (an ORCID
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Dr. Kristine Novak is the science editor for Gastroenterology and Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. She has worked as an editor at biomedical research journals and as a science writer for 15 years, covering advances in gastroenterology, hepatology, cancer, immunology, biotechnology, molecular genetics, and clinical trials. She has a PhD in cell biology and an interest in all areas of medical research.
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