CRISPR-Cas9 technology can be used to engineer organoids for studies of gastrointestinal development and disease pathogenesis. In the February issue of Gastroenterology, Masayuki Fujii et al review derivation of organoids from human gastrointestinal tissues and how CRISPR-Cas9 has advanced studies of the digestive system. CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology allows researchers to
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Exposure to cigarette smoke activates stem cell features in pancreatic cells, via nicotinic cholinergic receptor signaling to transcription factors that activate expression of stem cell genes, researchers report in the September issue of Gastroenterology. Levels of the stem cell transcriptional regulator PAF1 are increased in pancreatic tumors from humans and
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Lack of the biomarker CDX2 identifies a subgroup of patients with high-risk stage II colon cancer who appeared to benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. These patients are usually treated with surgery alone. The findings come from a study published online January 21 in the New England Journal of Medicine. Piero Dalerba
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Differentiated colorectal cells produce stem cell factor (SCF) to activate KIT signaling in tumor-initiating cells, researchers report in the September issue of Gastroenterology. This pathway maintains the stem-like features of these tumor cells, predominantly under conditions of hypoxia. Colorectal tumors are organized hierarchically and their growth is mediated by an
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Since the discovery of LGR5 as a marker of intestinal stem cells, we have learned a great deal about the intestinal crypt stem cell niche. In the August issue of Gastroenterology Bon-Kyoung Koo and Hans Clevers review the discovery of crypt base columnar cells as LGR5+ adult stem cells and
Read moreResearchers have identified an efficient method for creating pluripotent stem cells from differentiated liver cells, according to the April issue of Gastroenterology. This technology could lead to new methods for therapeutic regeneration of diseased or damaged tissues. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, in that they can form the 3 germ
Read moreAdenomatous polyps expand the pool of colon stem cells to become malignant, whereas hyperplastic polyps (HPPs) do not, and therefore remain benign, according to a study published in the September issue of Gastroenterology. Many colorectal cancers arise from adenomatous polyps, which contain mutations that inactivate the tumor suppressor APC. These
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Dr. Kristine Novak is the science editor for Gastroenterology and Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. She has worked as an editor at biomedical research journals and as a science writer for 15 years, covering advances in gastroenterology, hepatology, cancer, immunology, biotechnology, molecular genetics, and clinical trials. She has a PhD in cell biology and an interest in all areas of medical research.
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